DATE2019-01-08 12:44:23
IDABSTRACT2014/223
CONTACTfenoglio@psg.tu-darmstadt.de
PRESENTATIONPOSTER
INVITED0
IDSESSION2
TITLESEA LEVEL AND MASS CHANGE IN MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA AND EXCHANGES AT THE STRAITS FROM SATELLITE-BASED OBSERVATIONS AND FROM MODELS
AUTHORSLuciana Fenoglio (1)|Annarita Mariotti (2)|Gianmaria Sannino (3)|Benoit Meyssignac (4)|Adriana Carillo (3)|Maria Vittoria Struglia (3)|Michel Rixen (5)
AFFILIATIONS
  1. Technische Universität Institute of Geodesy, Darmstadt, Germany
  2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Silver Spring,, USA
  3. Italian Agency for Energy and Environment (ENEA), Roma , Italy
  4. LEGOS/CNES, Toulouse, France
  5. World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
ABSTRACTThe sea level and the mass-induced sea level variability in the Mediterranean and Black Sea are derived over 1993-2013 from altimetric and gravimetric (GRACE) satellite-based observations and from model data. In the Mediterranen Sea the increase in sea level has a trend of 3.0 +/- 0.5 mm/yr and is dominated by the increase in the oceanic mass. The increase in sea level does not take place linearly but over short periods, each contributing 2-3 cm of sea level. In the Black Seat the sea level and the mass-induced sea level variability is stronger than in the Mediterranean Sea, with strong increase from 2003 to 2005 followed by a decrease from 2006 to 2008. The strait flows between the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins and with the Atlantic Ocean have been derived based on mass conservation using the mass-induced sea level variations, river runoff and precipitation minus evaporation. We find that at the Gibraltar strait the net inflow varies annually with amplitude of 52 +/- 10 x 10-3 Sv peaking end of September, while the inflow through the Bosporus strait displays annual amplitude of 13+/-3 x 10-3 Sv peaking in March. Most important, an increase of the Gibraltar net flow in 2002-2009 (3.4 +/- 0.8 x 10-3 Sv/yr) is detected, while the Bosporus net flow does not show significant trends over the analysed interval of time. Also a similar analysis based on a sea level reconstruction over 1970-2009 points to an increase in net water flux at Gibraltar (0.8 +/- 0.2 mm/mo per year). We further consider results from a simulation using the PROTHEUS regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model, which extends over the longer interval 1960-2009. The simulated Gibraltar net water flow shows decadal variability during 1960-2009 including a net Gibraltar water flux decrease during 1960-1970 before the 1970-2009 increase. The decadal variations in net evaporation at the sea-surface, such as the increase during 1970-2009, appear to drive the changes in net inflow at Gibraltar, while river runoff and net flow at the Bosporus Strait have a modulating effect. Mediterranean Sea mass changes are seen to be relatively small compared to water mass fluxes at the sea surface and do not show a long-term trend over 1970-2009. The Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are relevant indirect influences on net water flux at Gibraltar via their influence on regional evaporation, precipitation and runoff.
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